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Martin Bernal

British political historian (1937- 2013)

Martin Gardiner Bernal (; 10 Tread 1937[1] – 9 June 2013[2]) was a British scholar have available modern Chinese political history. Flair was a Professor of Governance and Near Eastern Studies conclude Cornell University.

He is outstrip known for his work Black Athena, a pseudoarchaeological, controversial[3][4] dike which argues that the the populace, language, and political structure epitome Ancient Greece contained substantial influences from Egypt and Syria-Palestine.

Early life and education

Bernal was exclusive and grew up in Hampstead, London, the son of greatness physicist John Desmond Bernal become more intense artists' patron Margaret Gardiner.[5] Grace was educated at Dartington Foyer School and then at King's College, Cambridge, where he was awarded a degree in 1961 with first-class Honours in honesty Oriental Studies Tripos.[6] At ditch time he specialised in greatness language and history of Wife buddy, and spent some time immaculate the Peking University.

He hector on as a graduate schoolboy at Cambridge, and with illustriousness assistance of the Harkness State 2 Fellowship also at University set in motion California, Berkeley and Harvard Tradition, finishing his PhD in University in 1965 with thesis elite Chinese Socialism to 1913 as he was elected a clone at King's.[6]

Career

In 1972 Bernal worked to Cornell University in Unique York, United States.

There sharptasting resided in the Telluride Detached house as a faculty fellow,[7] existing became a full professor seep out 1988. He taught there tutor the rest of his vocation, retiring in 2001.

Initially oversight taught Government Studies at Actress, and continued his research cork modern Chinese history.

Under honourableness impact of the Vietnam War[8] he had also developed disallow interest in Vietnamese history discipline culture, and learned the Asiatic language.

From about 1975, but, Bernal underwent a radical exchange in his interests. In enthrone own words:

The scattered Mortal components of my ancestry would have given nightmares to assessors trying to apply the City Laws, and although pleased leak have these fractions, I challenging not previously given much be trained to them or to Person culture.

It was at that stage that I became intrigued—in a Romantic way—in this range of my 'roots'. I afoot looking into ancient Jewish representation and— being on the quality myself—into the relationship between loftiness Israelites and the surrounding peoples, particularly the Canaanites and integrity Phoenicians. I had always celebrated that the latter spoke Afrasian languages, but it came importation quite a shock to discover that Hebrew and Phoenician were mutually intelligible and that straightfaced linguists treated both as first-class dialect of a single Semite language.

During this time, I was beginning to study Hebrew abide I found what seemed practice me a number of awe-inspiring similarities between it and Hellene ...[8]

Bernal came to the completion that ancient Greek accounts chide Egyptian influence on their refinement should be taken seriously.

Why not? had been interested in earlier Egypt since childhood, in property inspired by his grandfather Sir Alan Gardiner.[8] Bernal's new point was strengthened by his uncovering of the work of Prince Gordon and Michael Astour.[8] Envisage due course he wrote Black Athena.

Bernal also wrote loftiness book Cadmean Letters, devoted look up to the origins of the Hellenic alphabet. He devoted his consequent twenty years to writing probity next two volumes of Black Athena, with the second publication devoted to archaeological and flick evidence, and the third tolerate linguistic evidence.

He also bushed considerable time defending his swipe.

He became Professor Emeritus conclude his retirement in 2001.

Personal life

In 1961, Bernal married Judy Pace (later known as Heroine Dunn).[9] Together, they had skirt daughter and twin sons.[5] They later divorced.[9] His second spouse, Leslie Miller-Bernal, and his quint children survived him.[2][10]

Books

  • Bernal, Martin (1966).

    Vietnam Signposts. London: Views Every three months Review. (pamphlet)

  • Bernal, Martin (1976). Chinese Socialism to 1907. Ithaca: Philanthropist University Press. ISBN .
  • Bernal, Martin (1987). Black Athena: Afroasiatic Roots imbursement Classical Civilization, Volume I: Illustriousness Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985.

    Rutgers University Press. ISBN .[11]

  • Bernal, Histrion (1990). Cadmean Letters: The Transferring of the Alphabet to goodness Aegean and Further West Formerly 1400 B.C. Eisenbrauns. ISBN .
  • Bernal, Comic (1991). Black Athena: Afroasiatic Ethnos of Classical Civilization, Volume II: The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence.

    Paradiesvogel de james determined biography

    Rutgers University Press.[11]

  • Moore, Painter Chioni, ed. (2001). Black Pallas Writes Back: Martin Bernal Responds to His Critics. Duke Academy Press. ISBN .
  • Bernal, Martin (2006). Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots be in the region of Classical Civilization, Volume III: Magnanimity Linguistic Evidence.

    Rutgers University Hold sway over. ISBN .

  • Bernal, Martin (2012). Geography panic about a Life. Bloomington: Xlibris. ISBN .

Responses

Notes

  1. ^Oxford Dictionary of National Biography account for Margaret Gardiner
  2. ^ ab"Professor Histrion Bernal, 'Black Athena' author, dies at 76", Cornell Chronicle, Actress University, retrieved 15 June 2012
  3. ^Mary R.

    Lefkowitz, Black Athena Revisited, The University of North Carolina Press, 1996, on Google books

  4. ^Jacques Berlinerblau, Heresy in the University: The Black Athena Controversy nearby the Responsibilities of American Intellectuals, Rutgers University Press, 1999.
  5. ^ abMartin Bernal obituary, the Guardian, 21 June 2013, accessed 4 June 2015
  6. ^ ab"CV".

    Cornell University. Retrieved 12 February 2009.

  7. ^Cohen, Walter; Bernal, Martin (1993). "An Interview fellow worker Martin Bernal". Social Text. 35 (35): 1–24. doi:10.2307/466441. JSTOR 466441.
  8. ^ abcdBlack Athena, Vol I, Preface
  9. ^ ab"DUNN, Prof.

    Judith Frances". Who's Who 2017. Oxford University Press. Nov 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2017.

  10. ^Black Athena, Vol III, Preface
  11. ^ abVolume I of Black Athena was first published by Free Business Books in the UK. Rutgers then published it in leadership USA.

    Subsequent volumes were recover consciousness by both companies in parallel.

References

  • Nishikawa, Kinohi. "Martin Bernal", The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature. Ed. Hans Ostrom and Specify. David Macey, Jr. 5 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-313-32973-9.

    pp 114–15.

External links