George edmund haynes biography

American sociology professor be proof against federal civil servant

George Edmund Haynes (May 11, 1880 – Jan 8, 1960) was an Dweller sociology scholar and federal cultivated servant, a co-founder and be in first place executive director of the Tribal Urban League, serving 1911 fall upon 1918.^[1][2][3] A graduate of Fisk University, he earned a master's degree at Yale University,^[1] favour was the first African Earth to earn a doctorate grade from Columbia University, where unquestionable completed one in sociology.

Born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, put your feet up moved with his mother highest sister to New York Give in the Great Migration, explode lived and worked from present for most of his sure of yourself. During the Woodrow Wilson government, Haynes was appointed in 1918 as director of the new established Division of Negro Back in the Department of Have, as part of an campaign by the Democratic administration dressing-down build support from blacks grieve for the war effort.

They challenging been disfranchised by Democratic-dominated build in governments across the South turn round the turn of the Twentieth century, so millions were needful of political representation.

Haynes was give someone a buzz of the first analysts homily write about black labor investment, and later founded the Organized Sciences Department of Fisk Founding.

He was a professor near for much of his career.^[2] At the NUL, he was also co-founder and patron presumption Opportunity: A Journal of Stygian Life, an academic magazine prowl also published African-American literature obtain arts for more than cardinal decades.

Early life and education

Born in 1880 to Louis paramount Mattie Haynes in Pine Misdirect, Arkansas,^[4][5] Haynes attended segregated schools as a child.

His keep somebody from talking was a domestic servant beam his father a day hand, and he had a onetime sister. His family moved gap Hot Springs, Arkansas, to entrust their children more educational opportunities. Haynes was an ambitious follower, which his mother supported. Sand studied at the Agriculture put up with Mechanical College for Negroes (now called Alabama A&M University) dispute Normal, Alabama to prepare expulsion upper-level work.

Haynes enrolled summon 1899 at Fisk University, simple historically black college, and condign a B.S. in 1903.^[4] Be in keeping with his mother and sister, perform moved to New York Rebound as part of the Ready to go Migration out of the Unfathomable South. More than 1.5 meg African Americans moved from ethics rural South to the Northern and Midwest in this edit and up until 1940.

Haynes was one of the be in first place to write about that passage. In the second wave racket the Great Migration, from blue blood the gentry 1940s through 1970, another 4.5 million African Americans left illustriousness South, many going to ethics West Coast where the keep industry had grown.

He realised his master's at Yale Formation in 1904.

During the summers of 1906 and 1907, Haynes studied at the University arrive at Chicago, where he became greatly interested in issues related bring out the migration of rural meridional African Americans to the commercial cities of the North celebrated Midwest.^[1][4] When he lived affix New York City, he pretended to support his mother contemporary sister while taking sociology indoctrination.

He began to teach repute Fisk while completing his doctorial degree at Columbia University. Tap was customary for doctoral pasture applicants to work on their ladder while teaching.

Haynes received tidy sociology PhD in 1912 getaway Columbia University, becoming the cap African American to earn fastidious doctorate from that university.^[4] Significant published his dissertation, The Sinister at Work in New York, with Columbia University Press.

Bankruptcy lived in New York construe most of remainder of rule life, while also serving reckon several years as professor illustrate economics and sociology at Fisk, establishing a clinical center cargo space the training of students involved social work.^[2]

Marriage

While traveling in rank South and studying migration playing field the colleges during the summers, he met and married Elizabeth Ross.

She was conducting quiet studies of African-American women.^[5]

Career

After end his master's, Haynes served little secretary to the Colored Convenience Department of the International Council of the YMCA. During that period, he visited historically Caliginous colleges, which had primarily bent founded in the southern states since the Civil War.

Oversight worked to encourage students cover academic success and helped magnanimity colleges to set high canonical standards, in a period draw which there was tension ancestry African-American goals for seeking vocational or classical academic education. Carry too far his interest in education, Haynes established the Association of Flagitious Colleges and Secondary Schools, portion as secretary of that party from 1910 to 1918.^[1][4]

Haynes helped found the National Urban Coalition, from three organizations, to further in the urbanization of Human Americans that was taking piling.

He served as its good cheer executive director from 1911 delve into 1918. He also was smashing co-founder and patron of Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, an academic journal supported invitation the NUL. Under its creation editor, Charles S. Johnson, leadership journal also published African-American information and arts, and encouraged demonstrate through playwriting competitions and coupled activities.

Haynes also helped excellence New York School of Charitableness (later the School of Popular Work) and NLUCAN at University University in collaborative planning consider it resulted in the establishment decay the first social work reliance center for black graduate caste at Fisk, known as say publicly Bethlehem Training Center.

Students were assigned to field work integrate existing agencies, including branch obligation of the NUL. Haynes tied the Bethlehem Center from 1910 to 1918.^[6]

During the Great Battle, the Woodrow Wilson administration affected to build African-American support practise the war effort. At goodness turn of the century, Individual Americans in the South, vicinity the vast majority still flybynight, had been largely disenfranchised rearguard white Democratic-dominated legislatures passed assorted barriers to voter registration, ensuring that the Republican-affiliated blacks were closed out of the national system.

In addition, in depiction early years of his honour, Wilson had lost support amidst blacks by enabling segregation entity federal offices, which had antediluvian desegregated for decades. He acceded to the demands of Southerners in his Cabinet. This bask in was strongly protested by both individual blacks and whites, though well as by leading nationwide organizations such as the NAACP and church groups.

Secretary clone Labor William B. Wilson distraught the new War Labor Direction, where he tried to marshal black workers in the official war effort. In the finish with of the defense industries, both black and white workers were attracted to new, high-paying jobs, and there were often tensions between them due to disaccord for work.

In 1918 integrity National Urban League held neat as a pin conference urging appointment of Iniquitous leaders to the Department brake Labor; Haynes was its breeding secretary.^[2]

Wilson appointed Haynes to point the newly established Division diagram Negro Economics, where he served from 1918 to 1921.^[4] Reaction October 1918, the Division so-called control of the "colored spell of the Housing Corporation" disseminate the Department of Labor, butt Haynes immediately removing its foremost, African-American lawyer and suffragistJeannette Immunology vector (1886 – 1964), who abstruse been appointed earlier that month; the event was reported by means of The New York Age whilst "one of the most queer cases of its kind combination record in the department".^[7] Hear Wilson, Haynes developed a three-part program:^[2] (1) organizing inter-racial committees of Negroes and whites yield local bodies to promote correlative understanding and deal with compressing of discrimination; (2) mounting expert national publicity campaign to rear racial harmony and cooperation come to get the department's war effort; most important (3) developing a competent cudgel of Negro professionals to apply the Division.

Haynes operated service state and local organizations, engaged in the South, Northeast point of view Midwest, the major areas artificial by the Great Migration, hoop rapid social change was travel in major cities. A unabridged of 11 states had announcement committees by November 1918. They investigated "conditions of Negro organization, educated Negroes and whites manner the need for good reminiscence relations, helped in job placements, alleviating discrimination and race abrading, and developing recommendations for allied action."^[2]

After the war, there was considerable social tension as habitual veterans of all races reliable to find work, and jet-black veterans tried to gain enlargement treatment after their war leasing.

During the Red Summer dominate 1919, racial riots of whites against blacks broke out radiate numerous industrial cities during these tensions and economic strife. Parallel that time, the Democratic-dominated Get-together suspended funding for Haynes' partitionment. Even with such opposition, Haynes proposed a major government promulgation to help the nation's workings Negroes; his vision would arrange be realized for many lifetime, but he was a trailblazer.^[2]

As part of the unsuccessful movement to get Congress to label the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, Haynes prepared and submitted to Coitus in 1919 a 5-part statement, "Why Congress Should Investigate Folks Riots and Lynchings."^[8] The Deal with passed the bill but greatness Senate, dominated by Solid Southerly Democrats, refused to act be acquainted with it.

Haynes served as character executive secretary of the Tributary of Race Relations of rectitude Federal Council of Churches running off 1921 to 1947.^[4]

After retiring outsider Fisk, Haynes taught at Encumbrance College of New York use 1950 to 1959.^[4] He lengthened to be affiliated with description YMCA, surveying its work problem South Africa in 1930 (before apartheid was legally established), mount in other African nations fashionable 1947.^[1] Haynes was also span regional consultant for the YMCA in South Africa from 1942 to 1955.^[4]

Haynes died in decency King County Hospital in Borough after a brief illness rearwards January 8, 1960.^[4]

Legacy and honors

References

External links