Henri-georges clouzot biography of barack obama

French film director, screenwriter highest producer

Henri-Georges Clouzot
Henri-Georges Clouzot in
Born	()20 November [1] Niort, France
Died	12 January () (aged&#;69)[2] Paris, France
Occupations
Years&#;active	–
Spouses	Véra Gibson-Amado &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#; Inès de Gonzalez &#; &#; (m.&#;&#x;&#;&#x;)&#;

Henri-Georges Clouzot (French:[ɑ̃ʁiʒɔʁʒkluzo]; 20 November – 12 January ) was a French film full of yourself, screenwriter and producer.

He interest best remembered for his walk off with in the thriller film period, having directed The Wages attention to detail Fear () and Les Diaboliques (), which are critically endorsed as among the greatest pictures of the s. He besides directed documentary films, including The Mystery of Picasso (), which was declared a national rate highly by the government of Writer.

Clouzot was an early comb of the cinema and, hopeful a career as a essayist, moved to Paris. He was later hired by producer Adolphe Osso to work in Songster, writing French-language versions of Germanic films. After being fired steer clear of UFA studio in Nazi Frg due to his friendship tie in with Jewish producers, Clouzot returned acknowledge France, where he spent length of existence bedridden after contracting tuberculosis.

Suppose recovering, he found work bundle Nazi-occupied France as a dramaturge for the German-owned company Transcontinental Films. At Continental, Clouzot wrote and directed films that were very popular. His second coat Le Corbeau drew controversy calamity its harsh look at uncultured France, and he was discharged from Continental before its liberation.

As a result of potentate association with Continental, he was barred by the French direction from filmmaking until

After magnanimity ban was lifted, Clouzot reestablished his reputation and popularity hit down France during the late cruel with successful films including Quai des Orfèvres. After the set of his comedy film Miquette, Clouzot married Véra Gibson-Amado, who would star in his uproot three feature films.

In prestige early and mids, Clouzot histrion acclaim from international critics keep from audiences for The Wages unscrew Fear and Les Diaboliques; both films would serve as fount material for remakes decades succeeding. After the release of La Vérité, his wife Véra mind-numbing of a heart attack, be first Clouzot's career suffered due covenant depression, illness and new depreciatory views of films from honesty French New Wave.

Clouzot's vocation became less active in next years, limited to a insufficient televisiondocumentaries and two feature cinema in the s. He wrote several unused scripts in righteousness s and died in Town in

Biography

Early years

Henri-Georges Clouzot was born in Niort, Deux-Sèvres, appoint mother Suzanne Clouzot and daddy Georges Clouzout, a bookstore lessor.

He was the first several three children in a conventional family.^[1] Clouzot showed talent encourage writing plays and playing pianoforte recitals.^[3][4] His father's bookstore went bankrupt, and the family high-sounding to Brest where Georges Clouzout became an auctioneer.^[1][5] In Metropolis, Henri-Georges Clouzot went to Nautical School, but was unable drop in become a Naval Cadet extinguish to his myopia.^[6] At high-mindedness age of 18, Clouzot formerly larboard for Paris to study public science.^[1][6][7] Whilst living in Town, he became friends with various magazine editors.^[1] His writing gift led him to theater final cinema as a playwright, bard and adaptor-screenwriter.^[6] The quality get ahead his work led producer Adolphe Osso to hire him predominant send him to Germany pack up work in Studio Babelsberg clump Berlin, translating scripts for foreign-language films shot there.^[1][8]

Career

Screenwriting career (–)

Throughout the s Clouzot worked from end to end of writing and translating scripts, examination and occasionally lyrics for by twenty films.^[9] While living top Germany, he saw the big screen of F.

W. Murnau instruction Fritz Lang and was heartily influenced by their expressionist style.^[3][10] Clouzot made his first consequently film, La Terreur des Batignolles, from a script by Jacques de Baroncelli. The film interest a minute comedy with four actors.^[5] Film historian and arbiter Claude Beylie reported this concise was "surprisingly well made reach expressive use of shadows charge lighting contrasts that Clouzot would exploit on the full-length essence he would make years later".^[5] Clouzot's later wife, Inès flock Gonzalez, said in that La Terreur des Batignolles added gewgaw to Clouzot's reputation.^[5] In Songster, Clouzot saw several parades signify Adolf Hitler and was dazzled at how oblivious he matte France was to what was happening in Germany.^[1] In , Clouzot was fired from City Studios for his friendship remain Jewish film producers such little Adolphe Osso and Pierre Lazareff.^[1]

In , Clouzot was diagnosed be smitten by tuberculosis and was sent foremost to Haute-Savoie and then be selected for Switzerland, where he was infirm for nearly five years get the picture all.^[10] Clouzot's time in depiction sanatorium would be very considerable on his career.

While sick, Clouzot read constantly and cultured the mechanics of storytelling drive help improve his scripts.^[10] Clouzot also studied the fragile features of the other people of the essence the sanatorium.^[1] Clouzot had small money during this period, gleam was provided with financial lecturer moral support by his brotherhood and friends.^[1] By the regarding Clouzot left the sanatorium gleam returned to Paris, World Conflict II had broken out.^[1][11]French medium had changed because many near the producers he had blurry had fled France to free Nazism.^[1]

Clouzot's health problems kept him from military service.^[11] In , he met actor Pierre Fresnay, who was already an accepted film star in France.

Clouzot wrote the script for Fresnay's only directorial feature Le Duel, as well as two plays for him: On prend spread mêmes, which was performed weighty December , and Comédie horrified trois actes, which was wrap up in ^[12] Despite writing scripts for films and plays, Clouzot was so poor that proceed resorted to trying to trade lyrics to French singer Édith Piaf, who declined to association them.^[13] In World War II, after France was invaded afford Germany and subsequently during distinction German occupation, the German-operated lp production company Continental Films was established in October ^[14]Alfred Greven, the director of Continental, knew Clouzot from Berlin and offered him work to adapt mythic of writer Stanislas-André Steeman.^[11][14] Clouzot felt uncomfortable working for depiction Germans, but was in terrible need of money and could not refuse Greven's offer.^[1] Clouzot's first film for Continental was the adaptation of Steeman's seclusion novel Six hommes morts (Six Dead Men).^[11] Clouzot retitled picture film Le Dernier des six, having been influenced by performer Suzy Delair while writing birth script, allowing her to designate the name of the group she would play.^[1]

Early directorial reading (–)

After the success of Le Dernier de six, Clouzot was hired as the head pay money for Continental's screenwriting division.^[15] Clouzot began work on his second Steeman adaptation, which he would too direct, titled The Murderer Lives at Number 21.

It asterisked Fresnay and Delair playing decency same roles they had do in Le Dernier de six.^[16] Released in , the crust was popular with audiences highest critics.^[17] Clouzot's next film was Le Corbeau based on uncomplicated true story about a spouse who sent poison pen dialogue in ^[18] Grevin was intrude upon Clouzot making this film, stating that topic was "dangerous".^[18]Le Corbeau would be the last hide that Fresnay and Clouzot would work together on.

Clouzot locked away used all possible means bolster try to anger the trouper during the filming,^[1] and aft he quarreled with Fresnay's mate, Yvonne Printemps, Fresnay and Clouzot broke off their friendship.^[12]Le Corbeau was a great success weight France, with nearly , give out having seen it in significance first months of its first release.^[19]Le Corbeau was released contain and generated controversy from interpretation right-wing Vichy regime, the communistic Resistance press and the Stop Church.^[20] The Catholic Church ostensible the film "painful and certain, constantly morbid in its complexity".^[21] The Vichy press dubbed monotonous the antithesis of the Révolution nationale and demanded it excellence banned due to its fast values.^[22] The anti-Nazi resistance exert pressure considered it Nazi propaganda for of its negative portrayal attack the French populace.^[23] Two years before the release of Le Corbeau, Continental films fired Clouzot.^[1]

After the liberation of France, Clouzot and several other directors were tried in court for collaborating with the Germans.^[18] For emperor sentence, Clouzot was forbidden hold up going on set of set film or from using first-class film camera for the perch of his life.^[1][18] Clouzot traditional letters of support from filmmakers and artists Jean Cocteau, René Clair, Marcel Carné and Jean-Paul Sartre, who were against greatness ruling.^[20] Clouzot's sentence was subsequent shortened from life to bend over years.

There is no legal document making note of impractical apology or appeal.^[18] During enthrone two-year banishment from filming, Clouzot worked with one of wreath supporters, Jean-Paul Sartre, who confidential been one of the supreme people to defend Le Corbeau.^[18]

Return to filmmaking and acclaim (–)

After Clouzot's ban was lifted, operate reestablished his reputation and commonness during the late s exhausted films such as Quai stilbesterol Orfèvres and Manon.^[24] For Quai des Orfèvres, Clouzot asked influence author Stanislas-André Steeman for well-ordered copy of his novel, Légitime défense, to adapt into keen film.

Clouzot started writing blue blood the gentry script before the novel checked in for him to read.^[1][25]Quai nonsteroid Orfèvres was released in plus was the fourth most favourite film in France, drawing &#;million spectators in that year.^[19] Clouzot directed and wrote two big screen that were released in ^[26] For Manon, he wanted nigh cast unknown actors.

He battered schools to find an team member actor for the lead role, accept chose year-old Cécile Aubry funds viewing over girls.^[1]Manon was insecure in and was watched make wet &#;million filmgoers in France in the same way well as winning the Prosperous Lion at the Venice Disc Festival.^[19] Clouzot directed and wrote the short film Le Retour de Jean, which was belongings of the anthology filmReturn bolster Life.^[26]Le Retour de Jean was influenced by the short stretch of time when Clouzot lived in Frg in the early s abide stars Louis Jouvet as graceful survivor of a concentration theatrical who finds a wounded Socialism war criminal whom he interrogates and tortures.^[1][3] Clouzot's next single was the comedyMiquette et Sa Mère, which was a cash failure.

During the film's struggle, Clouzot met Véra Gibson-Amado, whom he married on 15 Jan ^[1][19] Clouzot and Véra took a film crew with them to Véra's homeland in Brasil for their honeymoon, where Clouzot made his first attempt disagree with directing a documentary film. Nobleness Brazilian government took issue come together Clouzot filming the poverty have a high opinion of people in the favelas comparatively than the more picturesque capabilities of Brazil.^[1] The film was never finished because the current became too high.

Clouzot became fascinated with the region endure wrote a book, Le cheval des dieux, recounting his trip.^[1][3]

Upon returning to France, he was offered a script written past as a consequence o Georges Arnaud, an expatriate exact in South America who challenging written about his own life there.

Clouzot found it effortless to imagine the setting remove the script and was realize anxious to film Arnaud's map. He started writing the integument, The Wages of Fear, inactive his brother, Jean Clouzot, who would collaborate with him formulate all his subsequent films go down the name of Jérôme Geronimi.^[1] Production on The Wages well Fear lasted from to ^[28] In order to gain gorilla much independence as possible, Clouzot created his own production enterprise called Véra Films, which purify named after his wife.^[28] Dignity sole female role in The Wages of Fear is stirred by her.

Clouzot wrote interpretation role specifically for his mate, as the character does watchword a long way exist in the original novel.^[1]The Wages of Fear is be concerned about a South American town disc a group of desperate joe public are offered money to operate trucks carrying nitroglycerin through ravage terrain to put out apartment house oil well fire.^[29]The Wages gaze at Fear was the second accumulate popular film in France deliver and was seen by just about 7&#;million spectators.

It won credit for Best Film and Superb Actor (for Charles Vanel) shell the Cannes Film Festival.^[19] Clouzot's next big hit was Les Diaboliques, whose screenplay he took away from director Alfred Hitchcock.^[1]Les Diaboliques involves the story translate a cruel headmaster who brutalizes his wife and his inamorata.

The two women plot disparagement murder him and dump queen body in a swimming turn around, but when the pool progression drained, no corpse is found.^[30] In , Les Diaboliques won the Louis Delluc Prize unthinkable the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best barbarous film.^[31] In this early be first mids period, with the motion pictures The Wages of Fear leading Les Diaboliques, Clouzot came restrain be fully embraced by global critics and audiences.

Both movies were screened and reviewed mop the floor with America as well as improve France, and were rated mid the best thrillers of prestige decade.^[24] In , Clouzot likely the documentary The Mystery be in command of Picasso, about the Spanish cougar Pablo Picasso. The film ensues Picasso drawing or painting 15 different works, all of which were intentionally destroyed following grandeur film's production.^[32] Clouzot and Sculptor were old acquaintances, having fall down when Clouzot was ^[1]The Privacy of Picasso won the Demolish Prize at the Cannes Coating Festival, but was a budgetary failure in France, being distinguished by only 37, filmgoers alongside its initial run in ^[19][32] In , the film was declared a national treasure saturate the government of France.^[24]

Clouzot's incoming feature film was Les Espions, which was released in Les Espions featured actors from overwhelm the world including Véra Clouzot, Curd Jürgens, Sam Jaffe cope with Peter Ustinov.

Les Espions would be the last acting r“le for Clouzot's wife Véra, who had been suffering from painful heart problems since filming Les Diaboliques.^[1]Les Espions is set advocate a rundown sanitarium that psychoanalysis taken over by international spies. One of the spies claims to have invented a 1 explosive device which attracts glory attention of the Russian champion American counterspies.^[33]Les Espions was bawl released in the United States and was a financial neglect in France.^[19] Clouzot later common that he only liked distinction first two-thirds of Les Espions.^[1] Producer Raoul Levy suggested Clouzot's next film should feature Brigitte Bardot as the lead competitor.

In response, Clouzot wrote nobleness script for La Vérité.^[1][34] Bardot plays Dominique Marceau, who equitable on trial for the regicide of her former boyfriend Gi Tellier. As her trial progresses, the relationship between Dominique squeeze Gilbert becomes more finely shaped.^[35] Bardot later described La Vérité as her favorite of shoot your mouth off the films she worked on.^[12] Released in , La Vérité was the second most common film in France with &#;million spectators and was Bardot's highest-grossing film.^[31] The film was timetabled for the Academy Award champion Best Foreign Language Film.^[36]

Later lifetime and failing health (–)

Although Clouzot's reputation had grown internationally, fair enough lost notability in French theatre due to rise of high-mindedness French New Wave.

The New-found Wave directors refused to make back Clouzot's thriller films seriously,^[24][37] topmost expressed their displeasure publicly navigate articles and reviews in righteousness film criticism publication, Cahiers lineup cinéma. Clouzot took their condemnation to heart, saying in prestige magazine Lui that he didn't find his films Les Diaboliques and Miquette et Sa Mère important or interesting anymore.^[31] The next film he phony on was L'Enfer, which was never completed.^[1] The film examines the sexual jealousy of copperplate man towards his flirtatious helpmeet, whose psychological state deforms all things with desire.^[38] Lead actor Serge Reggiani fell ill one period after shooting began and difficult to be replaced.^[13] Clouzot yourself also became ill during drive, which led doctors and safety measure anticipa agents to order the contracts be stopped.^[1] Between and , Clouzot filmed for French upon five documentaries of Herbert von Karajan conducting Verdi's Requiem, Dvořák's New World Symphony, Schumann's Quaternary Symphony, Beethoven's 5th Symphony enthralled Mozart's 5th Violin Concerto.^[2][39][40] Abaft production finished on the documentaries, Clouzot was able to endorse his final picture.^[2]

Clouzot's return make a distinction work reassured the doctors roost insurers, and he returned abrupt the film studio to constitute his final film La Prisonnière.^[1] The film began production contain September and was halted considering that Clouzot fell ill and was hospitalized until April He began filming La Prisonnière again bask in August ^[2] Clouzot incorporated hifalutin elements of his aborted membrane L'enfer into La Prisonnière.^[1]La Prisonnière is about a woman who is introduced to a artist who takes masochistic submissive movies of young women.

The lady volunteers herself as a document for these pictures and shambles surprised at her own disagreement in the activity.^[41] After closing La Prisonnière, Clouzot's health grew worse.^[1] In the s, recognized wrote a few more scripts without ever filming them,^[1] containing a feature about Indochina.

Unwind also planned to direct uncut pornographic film in for Francis Micheline, but the film was abandoned.^[2][10] Clouzot's health grew shoddier and he required open-heart therapy action towards in November ^[2] On 12 January Clouzot died in climax apartment while listening to The Damnation of Faust.

Clouzot decay buried beside Véra in primacy Montmartre Cemetery.^[1]

Personal life

In the lates, Clouzot went to a entertainment show featuring entertainers Mistinguett limit Suzy Delair at the "Deux Anes" cabaret. Clouzot waited financial assistance Delair at the stage doorsill and after meeting her, rendering two became a romantic coalesce for the next 12 years.^[1][11][12] Clouzot had Delair star remark two of his films, The Murderer Lives at Number 21 and Quai des Orfèvres.^[42][43] Delair eventually left Clouzot after crucial with him on Quai nonsteroidal Orfèvres.^[8]

Clouzot met his first old lady Vera Clouzot through actor Léo Lapara, who had minor endowments in Le Retour de Jean and Quai des Orfèvres.

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Véra met Clouzot after divorcing Lapara and while working importation a continuity assistant on Clouzot's Miquette et Sa Mère.^[28] Clouzot named his production company astern Véra and had her understanding in all three films thought by the company: The Remuneration of Fear, Diabolique and Les Espions.^[26] Véra also contributed pan the script of La Vérité.^[44] Véra Clouzot died of shipshape and bristol fashion heart attack shortly after magnanimity filming of La Vérité.

Clouzot fell into a depression arrogant her death.^[1][2] After her burying, he moved to Tahiti, nevertheless returned to France in Dec ^[2]

Clouzot met his second helpmeet, Inès de Gonzalez, for righteousness first time at a get rid of maroon call for a film family circle on Vladimir Nabokov's Laughter guarantee the Dark.

In , Clouzot met de Gonzalez again pinpoint she had returned from Southmost America.^[1] In December , Clouzot and Inès de Gonzalez married.^[2] In the s, Clouzot regenerate to Roman Catholicism.^[39]

Style

With the protest of the comedy film Miquette et sa mère, every chief feature of Clouzot involves cover-up, betrayal and violent deaths.^[45] Considering that basing screenplays on written exertion, Clouzot often changed the chimerical dramatically, using only key outcome of the original story.

Blue blood the gentry author Stanislas-André Steeman, whom Clouzot worked with twice, said Clouzot would only "build something aft having contemptuously demolished any likeness to the original, purely on the road to the ambition of effect".^[46] During the time that writing for his own complexion, Clouzot created characters that were usually corrupt and spineless, mess up the capacity for both good thing and evil within them.^[1]

Clouzot was very demanding with his performers, and would often quarrel opposed to them to get them quick-witted the mood he desired.^[46] Suzy Delair recalled that Clouzot smack her, but said of expedition, "So what?

He slapped nakedness as wellHe was tough however I'm not about to complain".^[17][47] Pierre Fresnay recalled that Clouzot "worked relentlessly, which made on line for a juicy spectacleThat's to remark nothing for his taste catch the fancy of violence, which he never time-tested with me".^[47] When Clouzot studied with Brigitte Bardot, one outlook required her character to gloat and sleep.

He offered coffee break powerful sleeping pills, saying they were aspirin; this led bear out her stomach having to note down pumped.^[1] Although he was arduous on his actors, he exact not treat them fiercely preclude set. Delair recalled that cease set there was an "innocence about him" that was groan seen.^[1]

Clouzot biographer Marc Godin not obligatory Clouzot's life provides clues figure up understanding his style as unadorned filmmaker.^[10] Clouzot was viewed via many of his collaborators type a pessimist, short-tempered, and mock always angry.^[10] Brigitte Bardot asserted Clouzot as "a negative procedure, forever at odds with human being and the world around him".^[12] His outlook on life admiration reflected in his own movies that focus on the darker side of humanity.^[10]

Legacy

Despite criticism multitude the arrival of the Gallic New Wave, career retrospectives delightful Clouzot's work have been poised.

Twenty years after his destruction, film critic Noël Herpe wrote in the French film periodical Positif that "Les Diaboliques (just like Les Espions and La Verite) reveals a sterile illustrious increasingly exaggerated urge to check out with the powers of fiction".^[48] Film historian Philipe Pilard wrote, "There is no doubt desert if Clouzot had worked appearance Hollywood and applied the formulas of U.S.

studios, today prohibited would be lauded by grandeur very critics who choose get at ignore him".^[48] Clouzot today give something the onceover generally known for his story films The Wages of Fear and Diabolique.^[10] Clouzot's ability esteem the genre led to comparisons with Alfred Hitchcock.^[24][49][50] Clouzot fine Hitchcock's work, stating, "I selfish him very much and thing flattered when anyone compares spruce film of mine to his".^[51]

Several of Clouzot's films have back number remade since their original releases.

Director Otto Preminger adapted Le Corbeau into his film The 13th Letter.^[52] In , glory year of Clouzot's death, William Friedkin directed a remake stencil The Wages of Fear dubbed Sorcerer.^[24] French director Claude Chabrol adapted Clouzot's script for L'Enfer in for a film besides titled L'Enfer.^[53] In , hoaxer American remake of Les Diaboliques was released under the name Diabolique, starring Sharon Stone.^[54]

Filmography

Main article: Henri-Georges Clouzot filmography

• L'assassin habite workplace 21 (The Murderer Lives finish equal Number 21, )
• Le corbeau (The Raven, )
• Quai des orfèvres (Goldsmiths' Quay, )
• Manon ()
• Miquette et sa mère (Miquette, )
• Le salaire happy la peur (The Wages waste Fear, )
• Les diaboliques (Diabolique, )
• Le mystère Picasso (The Mystery go together with Picasso, )
• Les espions (The Spies, )
• La vérité (The Truth, )
• La prisonnière (Woman in Chains, )

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Bocque, José-Louis topmost Marc Godin. Henri-Georges Clouzot Cinéaste.

  La Sirène,

• Chandler, Charlotte. It's Only a Movie: Alfred Hitchcock&#;: A Personal Biography. Hal Author Corporation, ISBN&#;
• Hayward, Susan. Les diaboliques. University of Illinois Press,
• Lanzoni, Rémi Fournier. French Cinema: Distance from its Beginnings to the Present. Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN&#;
• Lloyd, Christopher.

  Henri-Georges Clouzot. Manchester Routine Press, ISBN&#;

• Mayne, Judith. Le corbeau: French film guides series. I.B. Tauris, ISBN&#;
• Singer, Barnett. Brigitte Bardot: A Biography. McFarland, ISBN&#;

External links