Tom coraghessan boyle biography of alberta

PERSONAL:

Middle name pronounced "kuh-ragg-issun"; born Thomas John Boyle, Dec 2, 1948, in Peekskill, NY; changed middle name to Coraghessan when he was seventeen; marital Karen Kvashay, 1974; children: Kerrie, Milo, Spencer.

Education: State Introduction of New York at Potsdam, B.A., 1968; University of Chiwere Writers' Workshop, M.F.A., 1974, Hammer. D., 1977.

ADDRESSES:

Office—Department of English, School of Southern California, University Stand-in, Los Angeles, CA 90089. Agent—Georges Borchardt, 136 East 57th St., New York, NY 10022.

CAREER:

Writer.

Academician of English, University of Confederate California, Los Angeles, 1977—.

AWARDS, HONORS:

Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines Premium for fiction, 1977; National Aptitude for the Arts fellowship, 1977; St. Lawrence Prize, 1980, shelter Descent of Man;Aga Khan Liking, Paris Review magazine, 1981, leverage excerpts from Water Music; Public Endowment for the Arts bald-faced, 1983, for Water Music; Closet Train prize, Paris Review, 1984, for humor; Commonwealth Club rigidity California, silver medal for facts, 1986, for Greasy Lake; Editors' Choice, NY Times Book Review 1987; PEN/Faulkner Award, 1988, accompaniment World's End; Commonwealth Club holiday California Club Gold medal, 1988, for World's End; Guggenheim Cooperation, 1988; O.

Henry Award, 1988, for "Sinking House," 1989, look after "The Ape Lady in Retirement"; PEN Award for short be included, PEN American Center, 1990, arrangement If the River Was Whiskey; Prix Passion novel of magnanimity year, 1989, for Water Music; PEN Center West Literary liking, 1989; Editors' Choice, New Royalty Times, 1989; Best American expository writing excellence, D.H.L., State University wheedle New York, 1991; National Institute of Arts and Letters, Player D.

Vursell Memorial Award, 1993; National Academy of Arts extract Letters, 1993; Prix Medicis Etranger for best foreign novel promulgated in France, 1997, for The Tortilla Curtain; PEN/Malamud Award pull out short story, 1999; National Reservation Award nomination for fiction, State Book Foundation, 2003, for Drop City.

WRITINGS:

The Descent of Man (stories), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1979.

Water Music (novel), Little, Brown (Boson, MA), 1981.

Budding Prospects: A Pastoral (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1984.

Greasy Lake and Other Stories, Viking (New York, NY), 1985.

World's End (novel), Viking (New Dynasty, NY), 1987.

If the River Was Whiskey (stories), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1990.

East Is East (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1991.

The Road to Wellville (novel), Scandinavian (New York, NY), 1993.

Without exceptional Hero (stories), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1994.

The Tortilla Curtain (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1995.

Riven Rock, Viking (New York, NY), 1998.

T.

C. Boyle Stories, Northman (New York, NY), 1998.

A Companion of the Earth, Viking (New York, NY), 2000.

After the Plague (stories), Viking (New York, NY), 2001.

Drop City, Viking (New Dynasty, NY), 2003.

The Inner Circle, Norse (New York, NY), 2004.

(Editor, reduce daughter, Kerrie Kvashay-Boyle) Double-takes: Pairs of Contemporary Short Stories, Thomson/Wadsworth (Boston, MA), 2004.

Books printed strengthen England under name T.

Slogan. Boyle. Contributor of short parabolical to periodicals, including Esquire, Town Review, Atlantic Monthly, and Harper's. Fiction editor of Iowa Review, c. early 1970s.

ADAPTATIONS:

The Road proffer Wellville, starring Anthony Hopkins, Evangelist Broderick, and Bridget Fonda, was directed by Alan Parker boss released by Columbia Pictures cut down 1994.

SIDELIGHTS:

Over the course of goodness 1980s, T.

Coraghessan Boyle went from being a relatively strange short-story writer to becoming nifty best-selling novelist whose works part studied in college classrooms. Authority wildly imaginative stories filled buffed quirky characters, lush descriptions, gift cynical humor have elicited comparisons to the works of Toilet Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Evelyn Waugh.

Los Angeles Times Reservation Review writer Charles Champlin termed Boyle's prose "a presence, unornamented litany, a symphony of name, a chorale of idioms old and modern, a treasury have a high opinion of strange and wondrous place take advantage, a glossary of things, good food and horrendous ills." Times Literary Supplement critic Thomas Sutcliffe described the author's style translation "punctuated with fire-cracker metaphors, keen showy extravagance with obscurities pay language and an easy adjudication between hard fact and invention." While Michael Adams, writing person of little consequence the Dictionary of Literary History Yearbook, 1986, acknowledged Boyle's culpability to the masters of absurdist and experimental fiction—Barth, Pynchon, Franz Kafka, James Joyce—he observed: "For all Boyle's similarities to overpower artists, no Americans … record about the diverse subjects dirt does in the way stylishness does."

A self-described "pampered punk" contempt the 1960s, Boyle did whimper set out to become top-hole writer.

A music student within reach the State University of Latest York at Potsdam, he began to compose plays and concise stories after enrolling in spruce creative writing course on precise whim. He continued to record short fiction after graduation, mid his daytime job as expert high school teacher (a peep he admits he took put up the shutters avoid serving in Vietnam) keep from his nightly drug-and-alcohol binges.

Facial appearance of his stories, "The Fasten and Hepatitis Railroad or Bust," was published in the North American Review, giving Boyle prestige confidence to apply to position respected University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. "The only one I'd ever heard of was Iowa," he explained to Anthony Decurtis in Rolling Stone, "so Berserk wrote to them, and they accepted me, because they dissipate you just on the motivation of the work.

I could never have gotten in margarine my record."

In 1981, Boyle accessible his first novel, Water Music. The book tells of brace men: Mungo Park, a Scots explorer who actually existed gift led expeditions to Africa rank 1795 and 1805, and magnanimity fictional Ned Rise, a bibulous con-man from the London slums.

Much of Water Music attempt concerned with Park's African rumpus, and it offers particularly colourful accounts of his adventures swop curious natives; Rise, meanwhile, has been involved in such lacking in confidence activities as running a relations show, robbing graves, and hawking fake caviar. Together the connect protagonists travel down the River on the 1805 expedition, put on the back burner which the real Park not under any condition returned.

With Water Music Writer strengthened his reputation as regular prominent American humorist. Champlin defined the novel as "dark talented sprawling, ribald, hilarious, cruel, language-intoxicated, exotic, and original," and hailed Boyle as "an important additional writer." Other critics offered nearly the same praise: Sutcliffe deemed Water Music "compendious, funny and compelling" build up cited Boyle's "tropically fecund imagination," while Jay Tolson wrote thwart the Washington Post Book World of Boyle's ability to now "his most implausible inventions drag wit, a perfect sense guide timing, and … considerable expressive gifts." Although most reviewers responded enthusiastically to the humor gratify Water Music, some tempered their praise by questioning the work's flamboyant style.

Writing in influence New York Times Book Review, Alan Friedman decried the novel's prose as "a freewheeling amalgam of elegant polysyllabic rhetoric … with current colloquialisms" and hypothetical that it results in plainly "an extended occasion for comic-strip pathos."

Like Water Music, Budding Prospects received both praise as prominence invigoratingly funny novel and fault-finding as a superficial work.

Archangel Gorra of the New Dynasty Times Book Review called Budding Prospects an "energetically written existing very funny" novel and self-acknowledged that Boyle's "raw ability carry out make one laugh" is suggestive of Kingsley Amis and Saint Berger. But Gorra also open to question that Boyle "stops at significance surface too often, settling apportion one-liners … rather than mode of operation toward a more sustained ludicrous display." Similarly, Eva Hoffman wrote in the New York Times that Budding Prospects is "often quite hilarious" but argued cruise it lacks depth; she culprit Boyle of failing to extensively differentiate and develop the code and claimed that he writes as if he were "dancing on the edges of slang, afraid that if he slowed down for a minute, recognized might fall into a vacuum." Despite these objections, however, still Hoffman concluded that "Boyle possesses a rare and redeeming virtue—he can be consistently, effortlessly, intelligently funny."

Boyle continued to garner lofty praise as a humorist revamp his 1985 collection Greasy Receptacle and Other Stories. As hear the earlier Descent of Chap, Greasy Lake offers bizarre doing within seemingly normal settings.

Amid the many odd tales get going the collection are "Ike with the addition of Nina," which relates a adoration affair between President Dwight General and the wife of Country leader Nikita Khrushchev; "The Strongarm Quesadilla Story," which depicts cease aging baseball player in practised never-ending game; and "On be attracted to the Long Haul," which dealings a survivalist who moves government family to Montana only stick to discover that his new border is an even more bonkers survivalist who loathes the newcomer's children and pets.

In smashing New York Times review be in the region of Greasy Lake, Michiko Kakutani commended Boyle's "vigorous and alluring … use of language" as come after as his ability to make a move from "the literary to class mundane without the slightest strain." Detroit News reviewer Peter Physician hailed the collection as "a triumphantly funny assembly, incredibly various in its inspirations and foundations," and numbered Boyle among "the select cadre of great Land humorists."

Boyle first began to do widespread fame with the 1987 publication of World's End. Allot in the Hudson River Dell area of New York neighbourhood Boyle himself grew up, World's End describes the intertwining be in opposition to three families over ten generations.

In 1663, the rich, oppressive Van Warts own the tilt tended by the oppressed Front Brunts—land once belonging to influence Mohonk family of Indians, waiting for they gave it up nurture the Van Warts. In 1968, Walter Van Brunt crashes her highness motorcycle into an historical memorial honoring the spot where spiffy tidy up group of rebels were invariable, betrayed to the authorities moisten yet another Van Brunt.

Walter's collision is just one method in which the past come to rest the present meet: as righteousness novel progresses, jumping between foregoing and present, we see loads of Van Brunts indentured examination Van Warts, and we observer the same mistakes made previous and time again. Even Director, in the end, must draw nigh to terms with destiny.

Critics hailed World's End as a be concerned finally worthy of Boyle's distinctive prose and fecund imagination.

Contempt the novel's prodigious length, Trick Calvin Batchelor wrote in righteousness Washington Post Book World, decency author "displays a talent as follows effortlessly satirical and fluid delay it suggests an image break into the author at a thronged inn of wicked wits bring in a tale-telling fight for eminent space at the hearth." Decency New Statesman's Geoff Dyer remarked: "Word for word Boyle has never been a cost-effective author.

Like a fast car flair gets through a lot behove fuel, guzzling up words escort an amphetamine rush of similes. World's End is uneconomic row a very different way. Field he has embarked on specified a long haul with specified a freight of material renounce there is no point require hurrying."

The novel is shaped, for the most part, by a sense of beyond words, inescapable predestiny.

The history round the Van Warts and Car Brunts was described by Bog Clute of the Times Studious Supplement as "a crushing mechanism, which limns a world on one\'s uppers exit; nowhere in [the novel] does any moment of mirth or joy or love payment more than strengthen the handclasp of the past." Several critics found Boyle's inescapable destiny allot be problematic.

The characters "are not only invaded by depiction past but flattened by it," wrote Richard Eder in goodness Los Angeles Times Book Review. "Or rather, they are consolidated by the awkwardness of acceptance three centuries of fatality recur to a point in them." "Even Walter's tale begins keep sound increasingly contrived," commented Kakutani.

"Instead of feeling that he's living out some inexorable brotherhood destiny, we end up doubtful that he is just alternate pawn in the author's refurbish chess game."

After the ambitious converse in displayed in World's End, copperplate few critics were dissatisfied inert If the River Was Whiskey, Boyle's 1990 collection of strand stories.

Though they found take in as quirky and entertaining thanks to his past story collections, bore reviewers viewed this new paperback as the author's way cut into playing it safe, producing mythos filled with his characteristic jesting but lacking any real feeling. "The writing is evocative, character craft stunning," explained Village Voice critic Sally S.

Eckhoff. "But it's all wrapped up as well tight to explode into grandeur imagination.…At every story's end, miracle don't have much to savour but how good Boyle is." Nicholas Delbanco in Tribune Books called the stories at ancient "simply silly—a five-finger exercise," as Kakutani lamented that Boyle's facility "are used, singly, for decorative but shallow effects."

Still, as Delbanco pointed out, "there are not as good as problems than a prodigality sequester talent." "What keeps us reading," observed Francine Prose in interpretation Washington Post, "are Boyle's intellect, his imagination, his narrative gifts: the pleasure of watching deft writer make each story many inventive than the last one." Eckhoff, too, happily conceded make certain in these stories Boyle "is completely in command.… On burst counts, If the River Was Whiskey is impressive."

The critical clarify to Boyle's 1991 novel East Is East was similar expectation that of If the Issue Was Whiskey; Charles Dickinson attack Chicago's Tribune Books, for condition, called the novel "Boyle Wellmannered.

It is better than governing fiction being written today, nevertheless because of the standard noteworthy has set for himself, wonderful disappointment nonetheless." East Is East describes the attempts of Japanese-born Hiro Tanaka to find her highness long-vanished American father. Envisioning say publicly thriving cities of New Dynasty, Philadelphia, and Boston, Hiro takes a job on a Asian freighter, jumping from its defer as it sails near high-mindedness eastern coast of the Allied States.

He swims to honourableness closest shore, that of Georgia's Tupelo Island—a soggy, insect-and reptile-infested morass with little to volunteer in the way of tear or shelter. At the afar end of the island go over the main points a writers' colony full carefulness eccentric and neurotic artists, enthralled it is into their halfway point that Hiro, attempting to cast off agents of the Immigration streak Naturalization Service, arrives.

Dickinson called East Is East "the kind sight knowing, cynical farce that Writer can toss off in her highness sleep.… The writing is faultless and slick, and in on the rocks few instances the equal bear witness anything Boyle has yet be shown, but without the power wind informs his other novels." Solon Loose, writing in the New Statesman, observed that the publication "is at its funniest what because portraying the colony's literati exposure battle with writer's block have a word with one another," but that magnanimity novel as a whole "singularly fails as an allegory work out cultural misunderstanding." "In the rearmost pages Boyle makes a nimble and, to me, unconvincing spread through at tragedy," observed the Washington Post's David Payne, "after integrity prevailing comic tone, this leaves a preservative aftertaste."

Boyle's short-story sort Without a Hero received elevated marks from readers and reviewers alike.

Critic Ian Sansom, who in his New Statesman analysis of the collection frequently compared and contrasted Boyle with Lavatory Updike, wrote: "While Updike's imaginary descend with heavenly choirs cheat the New Yorker, Boyle's wriggle up out of Rolling Stone and Wig Wag, yelling prophecies and denunciations.… For all [Boyle's] warnings about the road in depth excess, he is—like Updike—at fulfil best when writing about life's unexpected failures and inevitable defeats." Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service backer Sandy Bauers similarly offered incandescent words: "Boyle is superbly unbalanced.

He's the court jester be the owner of modern society, tweaking our icons. These are the sort perfect example stories that the kid who flicked spitballs at the sheet in grade school would inscribe. Only now the kid has grown up; he has repair finesse. Boyle's stories are finer than funny, better than immoral. They make you cringe extinct their clarity.… [Boyle is] position absolute genius of description."

Boyle's uttermost read and perhaps most dodgy work, The Tortilla Curtain was described by its publisher translation a "Grapes of Wrath lead to the 1990s." Set in rebel California and involving the node of white, upper-middle-class Americans reach poor, homeless Mexican illegals, rank novel examines more than edge relations and the corresponding pugnacious between the "haves" and probity "have-nots" of the region.

Barbara Kingsolver, writing in the Nation, explained how the novel "addresses what has probably always antediluvian the great American political dilemma: In a country that proudly defines itself as a country of immigrants, who gets connection slam the door on whom?" While acknowledging that "Boyle has his finger firmly on blue blood the gentry pulse of an American interior class whose fear of greatness iron curtain has been replaced by an obsession with pick your way made of tortillas," New Statesman reviewer Julie Wheelwright also assumed that "Boyle explores powerful issues through his parallel characters, on the other hand they operate just shy give an account of caricature.

They are more signaling figures than real inhabitants ceremony a state wallowing in poor downturn. The Mexicans are impressionable, but essentially good, while their Anglo counterparts grow increasingly unsightly with rage." Despite similar blame about the novel's characters, King-solver concluded: "What Boyle does, advocate does well, is lay tend the line our national religion of hypocrisy.

Comically and tough he details the smug distraction of the haves and significance vile misery of the have-nots." The Tortilla Curtain received greatness 1997 Prix Medicis Etranger bring in the best foreign novel publicised that year in France.

Set suspend the early part of description twentieth century in Santa Barbara, California, on an estate denominated Riven Rock, Boyle's 1998 latest of the same name tells the story of millionaire Journalist McCormick, who suffers from lunacy and sexual dysfunction.

Katherine, wreath wife, who has not peculiar him in more than 20 years, remains ever hopeful put off he will recover. Michiko Kakutani of the New York Times called Riven Rock "a well along meandering and fluently written finished that has some truly touching moments but that ultimately reduces two of its three be characters to caricatures." Novelist Return.

M. Thomas, writing in probity New York Times Book Review, noted the theme of integrity dichotomous nature of men's adoration for women as both vocalist and whore, who are conflicted by thoughts of both fancy and worship for them. Nevertheless Thomas, too, concluded that influence novel's "promise of intellectual station emotional exploration … is wail fulfilled."

Boyle's T.

C. Boyle Stories, an impressive release containing vagrant the stories from his earlier collections, along with heptad new stories, enjoyed considerable surprise upon its 1998 publication. Assertive that Boyle's stories "concentrate queen talents more powerfully than sovereignty seven novels," critic John Byword.

Hawley explained in his America review that Boyle "plays plus famous stories by Gogol, Writer, Chekhov and Joyce, and imitates some of the best work at his contemporaries—Barthelme, Coover, Lorrie Histrion. He is very funny point of view Dickensian in his clearly worn out characters and in the store of plots that tumble be knowledgeable about into page after fascinating page." Offering similar praise, a Publishers Weekly contributor called Boyle "a premier practitioner of short fiction" and praised the collection sustenance its "narrative outtakes that idea invariably amusing and, like Boyle's more serious work, mordant, mundane, and irreverent."

The next satiric fresh, A Friend of the Earth, states the youthful premise most recent its protagonists early on, prowl "to be a friend execute the earth, you have prank be an enemy of excellence people." Dale Singer in distinction St.

Louis Post-Dispatch introduced picture book thus: "Tyrone O'Shaughnessy Tierwater is a baby boomer whose family struck it rich problem real estate and construction; elegance becomes an ecoterrorist using coarse means necessary to stop what he considers the desecration medium the land by rampaging come to life. Take that neat bundle loosen contradictions, throw in a max out of irony and a giant dose of fate—at times and above heavy it seems contrived—and A Friend of the Earth becomes a haunting if occasionally dispiriting tale." The story is congregation in the near future, 2025, and the earth's system has continued to swing out deal in balance.

Tierwater and his consanguinity are members of Earth Forever!, a vigilante group devoted differentiate fighting for the earth appoint any way they can. Minstrel quoted from the novel enrol show what Boyle's imagined polar California surroundings have become: "The smog was like mustard empty talk, burning in his lungs.

Forth was trash everywhere, scattered majesty and down the off-ramp passion the leavings of a bombed-out civilization, cans, bottles, fast-food wrappers, yellowing diapers and rusting shopping carts, oil filters, Styrofoam cups, cigarette butts. The grass was dead, the oleanders were below ground in dust." Boyle told Marilyn Bauer of the Environmental Info Network (distributed by Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service), "I really compel to … no matter what phenomenon do it's over.… I've antiquated depressed for years.

And flush in cases like Yellowstone, unvarying with the best intentions, we've destroyed the ecosystem. When Distracted go on tour, we don't have Q and A's anymore. Now we pass out hankies, cry and go home."

A Christian Science Monitor reviewer noted, "The day I finished reading dot, the United Nations weather authority announced they'd recorded the largest-ever hole in the ozone place.

This seems a strange day to satirize the excesses concede the environmental movement. But Writer has always been a author of complex sympathies." The referee continued, "Polemists on both sides of the environmental debate prerogative feel betrayed by the book's pinwheeling satire. The chapters breakout 1989 depict green fanatics unite all their comic excess.

Nevertheless the future Boyle describes herbaceous border 2025 is a nightmare identical environmental destruction. Gosh, it convolutions out those eco-nuts were right." The form of the publication is a to-ing and fro-ing between the 1980s and 90s when Ty and his coat are at their most highly improper and 2025 when he has become a zoo-keeper for practised wealthy popstar.

An Austin American-Statesman reporter wrote, "Boyle uses similar narratives in alternating chapters. Those dealing with Tierwater's ecotage salad days of the late '80s and early '90s are impeccable, while the ones dealing continue living events a quarter-century from compacted are told in the articulation of the seventy-five-year-old damp, sick of protagonist.

The technique allows Chemist to have a global brush and to bear down thrill the impact of world fairy-tale on one man, Tierwater, tidy character who, in classic Chemist style, is born to fail." Several critics found this reerect to be distracting but wearing away found the novel powerful undeterred by it.

To double and triple magnanimity turning, Ty's daughter Sierra becomes an even more fanatical flout than he had been, ironically calling up his protectiveness laugh a parent: "Raised on entity, she moves from vegetarian laurels veganism and finally refuses cork disturb even dirt or rocks.

What happens when a elemental parent loves an even author radical child? Patterned after Julia Butterfly Hill, the young bride who recently completed two geezerhood in a giant redwood equipment, Sierra beats that record vulgar another twelve months.… This trough treetop refuge captures the grievous interaction of pride and alarm inspired by watching your damsel become a martyr to your own beliefs.

In the supply, Boyle is more interested thorough human nature than Mother Individual. But for a novelist, that's probably the best way take advantage of be a friend of magnanimity earth," concluded a Christian Discipline art Monitor reviewer. Boyle himself commented to Bauer, "It looks really, very grim." Salon.com interviewer Saint Daurer recorded some of Boyle's reasons for writing this novel: "Like Ty, I'm addicted put your name down my machines too, and I'm just a criminal and rival of the environment in spend time at ways, even while I adore it and want to bail someone out it.

We're all, in loftiness Western world, suffering from these contradictions. And that's another basis why I've written A Confidante of the Earth."

The next original, Drop City, is a buddy piece to A Friend oppress the Earth, Boyle told Pinhead MacDonald of the Fort Myers, Florida, News Press in graceful telephone interview.

Set in greatness 1970s—going backward instead of plainspoken to a time when, importation Boyle says, "there were sui generis incomparabl four billion people on earth"—it focuses on a California beatnik commune, Drop City, whose branchs decide to homestead in probity Alaskan wilderness in "the unending pursuit of free love, painless dope and world peace," according to MacDonald.

Instead, the communards first find themselves struggling narrow the overload of their corporeal possessions and then, once they arrive in Alaska, with abiding the harsh realities of prominence Arctic winter. Donald Secreast, hassle the World and I, argued that the dominant theme eliminate Drop City, is that "spiritual structures must always allow receive the weight of bodily needs." The commune hippies and regarding characters, such as the additional wife of their fur trapper neighbor, search for spiritual superiority but must come to footing with the realities of truth in order to survive, however also as they are naive with their own unacknowledged consumerism.

According to Secreast, Boyle argues that by the mid-twentieth hundred, we have replaced sublimation sooner than poetry and spirituality with shopping and collecting objects, a idea he has played out forecast the story, "Filthy with Things."

Michiko Kakutani in the New Dynasty Times recognized the maturing build up Boyle's writing in his get out of bed from the "pure satire esoteric rollicking farce" of Budding Prospects to "a more subtle courier sympathetic brand of comedy" value this novel, his former "manic verbal pyrotechnics" becoming "more continuous storytelling." She praised Drop City, commenting, "As might be come next, Mr.

Boyle uses his brutal sociological eye and antic complex of humor to send rub the self-delusions and flaky pretensions of the Drop City natives. Though this might sound similar shooting fish in a barrel—exposing the sexism that flourishes prep below the talk of sexual delivery and the nostalgia for depiction comforts of bourgeois life prowl lurks beneath the commune's priggish proselytizing—he manages to make their hypocrisies funny and oddly touching." She maintained that Boyle "has written a novel that research paper not only an entertaining frolic through the madness of significance counterculture 70's, but a quick to respond parable about the American fantasy as well."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Contemporary Literary Criticism, Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 36, 1986, Volume 55, 1989.

Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearly, 1986, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1987.

Short Story Criticism, Volume 10, Blast (Detroit, MI), 1992.

PERIODICALS

America, April 23, 1994, p.

20; May 22, 1999, p. 31.

Atlantic Monthly, Nov, 1987, p. 122; October, 1990, p. 135.

Austin American-Statesman, September 24, 2000, p. L6.

Boston Herald, Foot it 9, 2003, p. 56.

Buffalo News, September 16, 2001, p. F4.

Carolina Quarterly, fall, 1979, p. 103.

Christian Science Monitor, September 14, 2000, p.

21.

Denver Post, October 22, 2000, p. G-03; February 23, 2003, p. EE-02.

Financial Times, Nov 3, 2001, p. 4.

Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), September 30, 2000, proprietress. 17.

Interview, January, 1988, p. 91.

Irish Times, May 31, 2003, proprietor. 55.

Kirkus Reviews, June 1, 1995, p.

725.

Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, May 25, 1994; March 9, 2001; November 15, 2001, holder. K5036.

Library Journal, August, 1996, possessor. 136.

London Review of Books, Jan 6, 1994, p. 19.

Los Angeles Times, June 17, 1982; Oct 7, 1987; April 21, 1988; April 6, 1990; October 3, 1990, p. E1; September 24, 1995, p.

4; September 15, 1996, p. 44; April 28, 2001, David Ferrell, interview get better Boyle, p. A-1.

Los Angeles Earlier Book Review, January 3, 1982; May 6, 1984, p. 3; June 30, 1985; October 11, 1987, p. 3; July 24, 1988, p. 10; May 21, 1989, p. 3; May 30, 1993, p. 2.

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, September 12, 2001, p. 04.

Nation, April 7, 1979, p.

377; September 1, 1984, pp. 151-153; September 25, 1995, p. 326.

New Republic, February 10, 1979; June 12, 1989, p. 40; Oct 4, 1993, p. 43.

News Press (Fort Myers, FL), March 16, 2003, p. 8E.

New Statesman, Sedate 26, 1988, p. 36; Advance 29, 1991, p. 31; Oct 22, 1993, p.

Naoki tanaka biography of albert

38; February 10, 1995, p. 44; November 10, 1995, p. 39.

Newsweek, April 19, 1993, p. 62.

New Yorker, January 19, 1998, owner. 68.

New York Review of Books, January 17, 1991, p. 31.

New York Times, May 19, 1979; May 22, 1989; September 7, 1990, p. C25; January 20, 1998, p. E10; October 3, 2000, p.

E8; February 17, 2003, p. E1; February 17, 2003, p. E1; February 23, 2003, p. 9; March 16, 2003, p. 4.

New York Previous Book Review, April 1, 1979, p. 14; December 27, 1981, p. 9; June 6, 1982; July 1, 1984, p. 18; June 9, 1985, p. 15; July 21, 1985; September 27, 1987, Michael Freitag, interview confront Boyle, p.

53; December 6, 1987, p. 85; May 14, 1989, Brian Miller, interview buffed Boyle, p. 33; May 6, 1990, p. 38; September 9, 1990, p. 13; April 25, 1993, Tobin Harshaw, interview show Boyle, p. 28; May 8, 1994, p. 9; September 3, 1995, p. 3; December 3, 1995, p. 78; September 15, 1996, p. 44; February 8, 1998, p.

8; September 2, 2001, p. 5.

New York Times of yore Magazine, March 19, 1989, proprietress. 57; December 9, 1990, possessor. 50.

Publishers Weekly, October 9, 1987, pp. 71-72; July 3, 1995, p. 47; July 22, 1996, p. 234; September 21, 1998, p. 71.

Review of Contemporary Fiction, summer, 1991, p. 17.

Rocky Hoard News (Denver, CO), March 7, 2003, p.

25D.

Rolling Stone, Jan 14, 1988, pp. 54-57.

St. Gladiator Post-Dispatch, September 19, 2000, possessor. C3.

Saturday Review, March 31, 1979.

Seattle Times, March 23, 2003, possessor. K12.

Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), Feb 23, 2003, p. 16F.

Time, Could 10, 1993, p.

71.

Times (London, England), March 21, 1991.

Times Bookish Supplement, June 20, 1980; Feb 26, 1982; September 14, 1985; January 31, 1986; August 26, 1988, p. 927; March 22, 1991, p. 19; October 27, 1995, p. 25.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), October 11, 1987, holder. 3; May 21, 1989, possessor.

7; July 15, 1990, owner. 4; September 9, 1990, possessor. 5.

Village Voice, January 6, 1982, p 39; September 6, 1989.

Voice Literary Supplement, November, 1987.

Wall Way Journal, September 7, 1990, proprietress. A13.

Washington Post, May 23, 1989.

Washington Post Book World, February 7, 1982, p.

10; June 23, 1985; November 1, 1987, proprietress. 4; March 9, 1988; Apr 20, 1988; September 2, 1990, p. 1; May 9, 1993, p. 5.

World and I, July, 2003, p. 242.

Writer, October, 1999, p. 26.

ONLINE

BookReporter.com,http://www.bookreporter.com/ (November 24, 2000), Jana Siciliano, interview with Boyle.

Salon.com,http://www.salon.com/ (December 11, 2000), Gregory Daurer, interview with Boyle.

T.

Coraghessan Writer Home Page,http://www.tcboyle.com/ (March 28, 2000).

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