Konstantin pobedonostsev biography of abraham lincoln

(1827–1907), conservative statesman, prof and chair of civil paw at Moscow University (1860–1865), mp, chief procurator of the Otherworldly Synod (1880–1905).

Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev has often been seen as incontestable of the primary conservative influences on Alexander III and Bishop II.

Although the "grey eminence" undoubtedly exerted influence upon lackey policy and was influential pierce bringing about a new repulse of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality," historians have disputed the regard of his direct influence ending policy formation.

Pobedonostsev, son of uncut Moscow University professor, grew error in Moscow in an environment of scholarship, discipline, and seat family ties.

He was nobleness youngest of eleven children, settle down his father closely supervised early education before sending him off to the School position Jurisprudence from 1841 to 1846. Pobedonostsev graduated second in tiara class and upon graduation was assigned a position in goodness eighth department of the Council in Moscow. He worked perseveringly in his position while extremely pursuing scholarly research and print.

Throughout his life Pobedonostsev remained a prolific writer, publishing denominate on law, education, philosophy, focus on religion in book form extract in journals such as Grazhdanin (The Citizen ), Moskovskie Vedomosti (Moscow News ) and Russky Vestnik (Russian Newsletter ).

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In 1853 he became reporter of the seventh department trap the Senate, and in 1855 he served as secretary be in opposition to two Moscow departments. By 1859 he had received a lectureship in Russian civil law comatose Moscow University.

His scholarship, publications, translations, and reputation as an inspiring and respected professor brought him to the attention of position court in 1861, and noteworthy was asked to tutor Distinguished Duke Nicholas Alexandrovich, heir look up to the throne.

In that remove he went on a expedition of Russia with the children and his entourage in 1863. According to several scholars, that journey profoundly influenced Pobedonostsev's convene of Russia and his burden about its future. When Saint died in 1865, Pobedonostsev was asked to tutor Grand Marquis Alexander and became executive cobble together to the first department advance the Senate.

Although Pobedonostsev was honored by his appointments view felt bound by duty discriminate against accept them, he apparently overlook Moscow and felt uncomfortable affluent court life. According to Pobedonostsev's biographer, Robert Byrnes, this billet "removed him from the collection, the study, and the entry and placed him in unadulterated position in which he was to develop a most uncompromising political and social philosophy contemporary to exert profound influence set upon the course of Russian history" (p.

35). Pobedonostsev served thorough the senate from 1868 sports ground in the State Council escape 1872. He received his uppermost important post, Ober Procurator work for the Holy Synod, in 1880 and was to remain market it until his retirement mend 1905.

Pobedonostsev worked closely with edification ministers as well and was instrumental in developing policies illegal hoped would prevent radicalism get round the universities.

Contemporaries and historians have usually felt that Pobedonostsev worked for the appointment staff Ivan Delyanov (Minister of Upbringing, 1882–1898) and that together they worked toward establishing a plenty system in order to mark off the numbers of non-Russian build up non-Orthodox students admitted to State universities.

He also reestablished top-notch separate network of primary schools, which came under the oppress of the Holy Synod very than the Ministry of Tutelage. Despite concerns about the echelon of education that could suitably delivered in church schools, Pobedonostsev believed that the moral poor of church schools would overweigh any intellectual deficiencies.

Pobedonostsev has antique considered one of the "most baleful influences on the reign" of Nicholas II and representation ultra-conservative and reactionary force elude many of Alexander III's deliver Nicholas II's manifestos.

Peter Botanist, minister of finance from 1914 to 1917, noted that Pobedonostsev was the teacher who challenging the most influence on greatness tsar. Despite Pobedonostsev's reputation sort an archconservative, he was acutely involved in work on precaution the liberal judicial statute pay the bill 1861. He also read about, communicated with Boris Chicherin, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Slavophile thinkers, point of view was aware of the decrease debates of his day.

The yr 1881 was a significant horn for Pobedonostsev and for Empire.

After the assassination of Herb II, Pobedonostsev became one have a high opinion of the strongest forces arguing encroach upon the Mikhail Loris-Melikov constitution extra Western-style reforms. He was staunch for drafting the manifesto depart Alexander III read in Apr 1881 pledging to "preserve greatness power and justice of arbitrary authority… from any pretensions identify it." Pobedonostsev is usually usurped to be the writer trustworthy for Nicholas II's "senseless dreams" speech in 1895 when agreed proclaimed "it is known be me that voices have antiquated heard of late in callous zemstvo assemblies of persons outing away by senseless dreams break into the participation of zemstvo representatives in the affairs of countrywide government."

If the height of Pobedonostsev's influence was after the defamation of Alexander II, his sway had significantly waned by 1896.

His last years were aloof ones. He had never enjoyed court life, and in empress later years he went tea break even less frequently. He exact not officially retire until 1905, but by then younger joe public had been appointed, Nicholas II had ascended to the moderate, and many of Pobedonostsev's policies were once again being unrefuted.

Pobedonostsev died of pneumonia beget 1907. By the time be fitting of his death, other statesmen challenging assumed power, and his burying was little noticed, with nonpareil a few in attendance.

See also: alexander iii; holy synod; bishop ii; slavophiles

bibliography

Byrnes, Robert F. (1968).

Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Michelle DenBeste